Spatial distribution and reproductive biology of western. Frankliniella occidentalis browse species thrips of. Strains collected worldwide, differed in biology and behavior, according to their phenotypic appearance color form. Insects free fulltext behavioral responses of western.
Densities of 10 or more frankliniella tritici adults per flower are tolerated before action is recommended. The tremendous growth in international agricultural trade that developed then fostered the invasiveness of western flower thrips. Thrips have always been a common and difficult to control pest for growers of greenhouse flowers. An increasing problem is the emergence of tswv resistancebreaking strains that overcome the resistance genes in pepper and tomato. Population dynamics of frankliniella occidentalis pergande. Distribution of western flower thrips in spain springerlink. Western flower thrips, franklinella occidentalis pergande is considered the most destructive insect pest of greenhousegrown crops due to direct feeding damage to plant parts such as foliage and flowers, and indirect damage by vectoring the tospoviruses. Development of the predator from egg to adult took 8. The spread of the western flower thrips frankliniella. The editors are to be congratulated in compiling this volume which should not be missing from the bookshelf of any thysanopterist, agronomist or entomologist, encountering this unusual but fascinating order of insects. Western flower thrip frankliniella occidentalis is a polyphagous pest with a wide host range, and is one of the most important vectors for plants viruses such as tomato spotted wilt tospovirus tswv, tobacco streak ilarvirus tsv and impatiens necrotic spot. Western flower thrips wft, frankliniella occidentalis pergande, are haplodiploids. Full text to be digitised and attached to bibliographic record.
Sakimura k 1976 frankliniella chrysanthemi synonymous with f. This species of thrips is native to the southwestern united states but has spread to other continents, including europe, australia where it was identified in may 1993, and south america via transport of infested plant material. Pheromones and semiochemicals of frankliniella occidentalis. Postharvest treatments against western flower thrips. The maxillae then ingest the fluids from the cells, but not directly from the vascular tissue. Biological control of western flower thrips, frankliniella. Aside from damage due to feeding, its ability to act as a vector for viruses makes it particularly problematic. The limiting factor for all postharvest treatments was phytotoxicity, characterised by a loss of vase life that. Frankliniella occidentalis disperse much less frequently. Identification of a maleproduced aggregation pheromone in the western flower thrips frankliniella occidentalis.
Preferences of the peripheral olfactory system of western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis towards stereoisomers of common plant volatiles. The potential of ceranisus menes walker for control of western flower thrips wft was evaluated in the laboratory. Western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis, first arose as an important invasive pest of many crops during the 1970s1980s. This category has the following subcategories, out of total. The objectives were to evaluate the suitability of f. Invasion biology, ecology, and management of frankliniella. Pdf biology and ecology of the western flower thrips. Inra montpellier to read this page in french hyppz on line. One hundred thirty species of native and introduced plants growing in uncultivated land adjacent to apple and pear orchards of central washington and northern oregon were sampled for the presence of the western flower thrips wft frankliniella occidentalis pergande, 1895 and potential thrips predators. Emergence of insecttransmitted plant viruses over the past 1020 years has been disproportionately driven by two socalled supervectors. A study of the biology and control of the western flower. Frankliniella occidentalis an overview sciencedirect. Find the top 100 most popular items in amazon books best sellers. The selfish gene by richard dawkins, the origin of species by charles darwin, the greatest show on earth.
The biology of wft was examined on gerberas, chrysanthemums and roses in relation to plant stage. Role of the insect supervectors bemisia tabaci and. Subfamily thripinae frankliniella occidentalis under the. A method is described for rearing thrips and parasitoids, using bean pods as host plants and different frankliniella species schultzei, wft as hosts. Thripidae, has become one of the most important agricultural pests worldwide. Western flower thrips frankliniella occidentalis pergande. The western flower thrips is a major agricultural and garden pest, affecting hundreds of cultivated and weedy species. The author of this gorgeous book, a scientist herself, argues that scientists have long overlooked the most convincing demonstrations of evolution. Some flower thrips feed on twospotted spider mite eggs so low levels of flower thrips can be beneficial. A study of the biology and control of the western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis pergande. Proceedings of the hawaiian academy of sciences 22. Species scientific name, pests common names, glossary, crops.
The western flower thrips frankliniella occidentalis pergande is an invasive pest insect in agriculture. Invasion biology, ecology, and management of frankliniella occidentalis in china. Samples were taken on wild and cultivated plant species to determine the distribution of western flower thrips wft and tomato spotted wilt virus tswv in spain. Free biology 2e textbook available for download openstax. Biology and pest status of western flower thrips 9 dividuals tend to feed in localized areas, which re. The western flower thrips is the most widespread and troublesome thrips for british columbia growers, but other species can also be serious pests. Biology and ecology of flower thrips in relation to tomato. The western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis pergande, which originated from western north america, has invaded much of the agricultural world since the 1970s, and in so doing, has. An online biology book estrella mountain community. This book contains the following three contributions. Relaxing 3 hour video of a tropical beach with blue sky white sand and palm tree duration.
Study biology online for free by downloading openstaxs college biology 2e book and using our accompanying online resources including a. Abstract frankliniella occidentalis pergande, western. The frankliniella occidentalis pergande complex in. Since the end of may and during the month of june, the f.
Virgin females produce sons parthenogenetically but must be mated to produce daughters. As a result, primary and secondary adult sex ratios can diverge from the 1. In addition to strawberries, they feed on a variety of other cultivated plants and weeds. Wft infests 80% of the spanish provinces, attacking vegetables, ornamentals, fruits and field crops. The frankliniella occidentalis pergande complex in california. Thrips vectors of tospoviruses journal of integrated.
Biological sciences animal ecology research population biology environmental aspects physiological aspects. Western flower thrips wft, frankliniella occidentalis pergande, is a highly invasive pest, infesting many species of plants worldwide, but few studies have investigated the visual and olfactory cues associated with their foraging behaviors. Related and similar species currently 230 species are listed in the genus frankliniella, with up to further. The other susceptible stain, ned, was a gift from dr. Thysanoptera, thripidae bryan, douglas everett, smith, ray f. Postharvest treatments, including insecticidal dips, isopropyl alcohol dips, insecticidal fogs and hot. In this study, the distance traveled by wft to locate yellow cards using only visual cues and visual cues plus olfactory cues was studied first.
Biology and ecology of the western flower thrips thysanoptera. Frankliniella occidentalis requires a minimum 194 degree days minimum temperature 9. The african journal of plant science and biotechnology 3 special issue 1, 5362 2009 global science books results recorded at temperatures comprised between 20 and 22c in the rose crop greenhouse. Occurrence of the western flower thrips, frankliniella. As with other thrips species the life cycle from egg to adult is dependent on temperature. Certain biological attributes of this insect predispose it to be a direct pest across a wide range of crops.
Field studies were conducted to examine the spatial distribution of wft on two greenhouse crops. Twelve of the best books about biology of 2018 forbes. Feeding by the adults and larvae can result in flecking on the surface of fruit and under heavy infestations, fruit deformity. Abstract 1 since the late 1970s, the western flower thrips has spread from its original distribution in western north america to become a major worldwide crop pest. Biology and ecology of flower thrips in relation to tomato spotted wilt virus stuart r. In the past 30 years, western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis pergande thysanoptera. Taqman realtime quantitative pcr for identification of. Adult females lay individual eggs on the small fruit inside of the flower resulting in halo spots. Frankliniella, tospovirus, behavioral ecology, host plant location, dispersal, vectors. Western flower thrips frankliniella occidentalis pergande 4 biology and behavior western flower thrips has a punchingsucking feeding habit, using the mandible to punch a hole into the host and then inserting the maxillae into the opening. Frankliniella occidentalis wikibooks, open books for an. Invasion biology, ecology, and management of western. Mass flights of flower thrips are typical following senescence of the abundant spring flowers, hence the origin of the lay name thunder flies.
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